20 Metzger, The Geneva Bible of 1560, 352. However, certain texts and annotations in the GB, which we must consider, undermined such a doctrine. Why Switzerland? The notes also included references to ancient Greek and Roman writers, which could have been seen as a challenge to the established Church. What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? The modern versions are built on. 100 Inspirational Bible Verses About Thankfulness To God, 25 Verses To Help Identify Fake Friends Consequently, episcopacy was the safeguard to the monarchy. No other book, or indeed any piece of culture, seems . Why Don't Christians Expose Evil Anymore? What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? However, Puritans with such hopes were seriously disappointed when King James I rejected the GB altogether. Very few of the margin notes appeared in the Apocrypha books. He thought the Bible's notes threatened his authority and kingship. All told, it took about 47 scholars to translate the new Bible, which was published in 1611, according to NPR. 19 William T. Whitley, The English Bible under the Tudor Sovereigns (London: Marshal, Morgan & Scott, n.d.), 105. 15 Scriptures To Help With Hopelessness It was like our study Bibles of today, with study guides, cross-referencing, introductions to each Bible book, maps, tables, illustrations, and notes. The difficulty the A.V. (Be still Bible verses). [29] Even those Puritans who came to America made the GB their chosen translation (no little protest against King James I). Likewise see David Ewert, From Ancient Tablets to Modern Translations (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1983), 195; Daniel G. Kratz, The Geneva Bible, Church History 3 (1960): 23-31. (1) Daniel 6:22 is an example of Daniel disobeying the King and being approved by God in so doing. Like Israel, Gods people, the Puritans were also being punished for their iniquities by wicked rulers. Despite the efforts of some, such as Archbishop Matthew Parker (1504-75) who vied to have official status granted to the Bishops Bible of 1568,[23] seventy editions of the GB were published during the supremacy of Elizabeth I and 150 editions were printed between 1560 and 1644, though the GB never became the authorized version. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); A weekly brief of our new teaching resources. Due to the importance of having the full translation, the Geneva Bible was the main book followed by the Protestants, Puritans and Calvinists. His own pity cannot get in the way of his religious commitments. In addition, the letters contained interpretations of Scripture that were seen as favoring a Calvinist and Puritan form of Christianity, which was seen as a challenge to the traditional doctrines and teachings of the Church. Corollary accounts are found in Daniel and Revelation. This translation came to be known as the King James Bible. He maketh me to rest in green pasture, and leadeth me by the still waters. For the New Testament, they used the Textus Receptus, Theodore Bezas 1588 Greek translation, and the Latin Vulgate. What Does The Bible Say About Fake Christians? What Does The Bible Say About Fake Christians? In 1604 King James convened the Hampton Court Conference and authorized the start of a new translation of the Bible into English. The short answer is that King James I and the Church of England did not quite like some of the things the Geneva bible implied about church worship and the "divine right of kings". To conclude, Bruce Metzger fittingly revels in the enormous impact the GB had on Protestantism. In a private meeting with the disciples on the Mount of Olives, Jesus Christ revealed the time order of key world events leading to His Second Coming and the establishment of the Kingdom of God. How successful was he? Also, it was the first to use italics for words added by the translators, which were designed to make the text more comprehendible to English readers. 25 Verses To Help Identify Fake Friends The forceful, vigorous language was authoritative and more interesting to readers. Gerald Hammond, The Making of the English Bible (n.p. Whereas certain places in the books of Moses, of the Kings and Ezekiel seemed so dark that by no description they could be made easy to the simple reader; we have so set them forth with figures and notes for the full declaration thereof that they as it were by the eye may sufficiently know the true meaning of all such places. However, what cannot be ignored as we celebrate the fine translation of the KJV is the version that preceded it, the Geneva Bible (GB). Jensen says the same, Yet it was the Geneva Bible that succeeded in becoming by far the most popular Bible of its time. Michael Jensen, Simply Reading the Geneva Bible, Literature & Theology 9, no. And between 1642 and 1715 five or more editions of the KJV used the Geneva annotations! What Does The Bible Say About Fake Christians? He charged the translators to use the Bishops Bible as a guide. What Does The Bible Say About Homosexuality? King James despised the revolutionary Geneva Bible because he thought it was anarchical. However, at King James directive, the KJV did not contain all the study notes, illustrations, and other extras that the people loved. For example, it used the word church when rendering the Greek ekklesia instead of Tyndales and Coverdales congregation. Also, Paul is not named the author of Hebrews and James, Peter, 1 John and Jude are for the first time called General Epistles rather than the usual Catholic Epistles which earlier translations used in the tradition of the Vulgate (cf. Therefore, King James preferred an Episcopal system, not least because of its more positive associations with the monarchy. Consequently, episcopacy was the safeguard to the monarchy.[34]. Martin III. Here is Romans 12:1 in the NIV (compare with KJV and NASB above): Therefore, I urge you, brothers and sisters, in view of Gods mercy, to offer your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and pleasing to Godthis is your true and proper worship., And so, dear brothers and sisters, I plead with you to give your bodies to God because of all he has done for you. The notes also included references to ancient Greek and Roman writers, which could have been seen as a challenge to the traditional teachings of the Church of England. Why Did King James Dislike the Geneva Bible. 100 Inspirational Bible Verses About Thankfulness To God, 50 Good Bible Verses For Birthdays The only other alternative at the time was the 1560s Geneva Bible, but King James objected to a "treasonable annotation" on Matthew 2:20 that suggested that kings are tyrants. Included was a woodcut, picturing the crossing of the Red Sea. 45 Danner, Geneva Bible of 1560, 6. Even then illegal copies circulated widely, and Wake Forest's copy is probably one of them. They didn't remove anything. Is Smoking Marijuana Sinful? Is Smoking Marijuana Sinful? 3:3); a cloude of witnesses (Heb. King James sought to quell religious tensions between supporters of The Geneva Bible and the Bishop's Bible by publishing The King James Bible in 1611. You can read it online at Bible Gateway. 100+ Inspirational Bible Verses About Love Though the translation of the GB may not be used extensively today, its method and its theology as found in its study notes continue to have an impact. A Dissertation Concerning the Nature of True Virtue. It was finished in 1611, just 85 years after the first translation of the New Testament into English appeared (Tyndale, 1526). Moreover, the Calvinistic flavor was made evident by several changes after the 1560 edition. 10 Bruce, The English Bible, 89. In the preface to the 1611 edition, the translators of the Authorized Version, or King James Version, state that is was not their purpose "to make a new translation . In the end, King James I disliked the Geneva Bible because its study notes and comments were critical of the Church of England and the monarchy. Unlike previous translations, the Old Testament section of the Bible was the first to be translated completely from the Hebrew Scriptures (past translations had used the Latin Vulgate translating a translation). He needed leaders who would not question his authority, and he was willing, in part, to give them leeway on Protestant issues if they were loyal to the crown. However, Edwards reign (1547-53) came to an abrupt halt at his death in 1553 and with Mary Tudors ascension came the establishment of Roman Catholicism and the persecution of Protestants, earning her the infamous title Bloody Mary. At least 800 Protestants fled to cities like Zurich or Geneva (as well as Aarau, Basel, Emden, Frankfurt and Strasbourg). 1-435 [i.e. While such innovations are common to Bible readers today, in the sixteenth century they were unprecedented. 16 On Tomson see Danner, The Later English Calvinists and the Geneva Bible, 496ff; Hugh Pope, English Versions, ed. 100+ Inspirational Bible Verses About Love Calvin brought the Reformation to Geneva and in no time at all Geneva became a symbol of the Protestant Reformation, a city on a hill whose light could not be hidden.[1] However, in contrast to the monarchies of surrounding territories, the city of Geneva stood in a unique situation as a republic, which certainly challenged the traditional establishment of church and state. Because of this, the Church of England didnt like them either. It was the work of around 50 scholars, who were appointed in 1604 by King James (r. 1603-25), and it is dedicated to him. These annotations differed from those accepted by the Church of England, which could have been seen as a challenge to its authority. Geneva: I Beseech you therefore brethren, by the mercies of God, that ye give up your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, which is your reasonable serving of God. Paranoid, he outlawed the Geneva bible and ordered a new translation. 50 Good Bible Verses For Birthdays 100 Inspirational Bible Verses About Thankfulness To God, What Does The Bible Say About Fake Christians? The Bishops Bible was being used in the churches, but many people had a Geneva Bible at home. Share. He thought the Bible's notes threatened his authority and kingship. It kept the original cross references and study notes by Calvinist leaders of the reformation. 9 F. F. Bruce, The English Bible: A History of Translation from the earliest English Version to the New English Bible (New York: Oxford University Press, 1970), 86. On both sides of the woodcut are biblical passages, not without political meaning for the Marian exiles. Share. Also see George Milligan, The English Bible (London: A & C Black, 1907), 127. He thought the Geneva Bible's study notes on key political texts threatened his authority, so he outlawed it and ordered a new translation of the Bible - the King James (Authorized Version). 50 Good Bible Verses For Birthdays A. S. Herbert (London, 1968), 191; Maurice S. Betteridge, The Bitter Notes: The Geneva Bible and its Annotations, The Sixteenth Century Journal 14, no. The Geneva Bible was translated from the Greek and Hebrew manuscripts available at that time. It was, therefore, imperative that kings should be respected and obeyed unconditionally and in all circumstances. 100+ Inspirational Bible Verses About Love God is love; and he that dwelleth in love dwelleth in God, and God in him., Geneva: For there is one God, and one Mediator between God and man,which isthe man Christ Jesus., KJV: For there is one God, and one Mediator between God and man,which isthe man Christ Jesus.. Further, it is the most meticulous English translation ever produced. Both of these Bible translations were a gift to English-speaking people, enabling them to understand what it meant to be a Christian and how God wanted them to live. It needed to be simple enough for the common people to read (as was the Geneva Bible but not the Bishops Bible). What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? But it was not just that the GB came from the republican, Presbyterian city of Geneva. Also see T. H. Darlow and H. F. Moule, eds., Historical Catalogue of Printed Editions of the English Bible, rev. The GB comments, however, that King Asa did not go far enough. The Geneva Bible was seen as a revolutionary and seditious book because it contained annotations in the margins that were seen as a threat to the authority of the Church and the monarchy. For example, in 1598 Huguenot Franciscus Junius replaced Tomsons annotations to the Book of Revelation. Bauckham believes it is Bullingers commentaries instead. What Does The Bible Say About Fake Christians? In addition, the annotations contained interpretations of Scripture that were seen as favoring a Calvinist and Puritan form of Christianity, which was seen as a challenge to the traditional doctrines and teachings of the Church. Printing of the Geneva Bible continued surreptitiously in England. This translation came to be known as the King James Bible. Catholic and America: Population and Events, His Strength Is Made Perfect in Our Weakness (2 Corinthians 12:9), AN INDEPT LOOK INTO THE PHRASE GOD HELPS THOSE WHO HELP THEMSELVES IN CHRISTIANITY, Christian Organizations that Help the Poor. For one thing, it is small, an octavo for the hand or pocket (roughly the size of a Prayer Book in a church pew) as editions of the New Testament had been since Tyndale's and Coverdale's Is Smoking Marijuana Sinful? 1 (1995): 31. 47 Davidson, The Authorisation of the English Bible, 441. Because Queen Mary I in England was persecuting Protestant leaders, causing many of them to flee to Geneva, Switzerland, where they were under the leadership of John Calvin. What Does The Bible Say About Forgiveness? Next, let's consider the manuscripts that were used. Danner explains, Ironically, even after 1611, English churchmen of both ranks, including James most trusted scholars, continued to use the Geneva Bible in their publications and sermons. When King James I came to the throne, the Protestants had gained control of England and the Church of England needed a Bible for the churches and for the people. 100+ Inspirational Bible Verses About Love Because then, you're not deriving their views on . Without a doubt, James would have cringed at such commentary. King James despised the revolutionary and "seditious" Geneva Bible. Coverdales work, including Great Bibles 13% Share. What Does The Bible Say About Forgiveness? What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? The divine sanction for explanation and illustration underlies the distinctive approach of the entire Geneva project, which aims to make the engagement with Scripture as simply as possible for the reader.[12]. What Does The Bible Say About Homosexuality? According to King James I, he saw these notes as very partial, untrue, seditious, and savoring too much of dangerous and traitorous conceits.[32], James rejection of the GBs annotations was rooted in his anti-Puritan, anti-Presbyterian ecclesiology. Tweet. They arrested and imprisoned Mary in Loch Leven Castle, where she was forced to abdicate the throne of Scotland. Geneva: And we have known, and believed the love that God hath in us, God is love, and he that dwelleth in love, dwelleth in God, and God in him. In 1604, King James I of England authorized a new translation of the Bible into English to be started. Therefore, King James preferred an Episcopal system, not least because of its more positive associations with the monarchy. Has the NASB been updated? Is Smoking Marijuana Sinful? I use the King James Bible because it is built upon texts that were collated by people who had a high regard for the Word (s) of God. 485 (1965): 23-30. 7. For King James, this was egalitarianism and republicanism at its worst, as exemplified in Calvins Geneva. What Does The Bible Say About Trusting God? Unlike the KJV, it had an extensive system of commentary and study notes printed in the margins. Doubtless kindness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life, and I shall remain a long season in the house of the Lord. The Geneva Bible was the Bible of choice among Protestants and Protestant sects, and as a Presbyterian, James also read that version. Also see Daniell, The Bible in English, 292. While the King James Bible is one of the most beloved translations of the Bible, it was not the first, nor the only translation of Read more. 50 Good Bible Verses For Birthdays But more to the point, these innovations were grounded in the theological agenda of the Reformation, namely, to accommodate Gods Word for Gods people. The Geneva Bible was still being secretly printed in England. What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? What Does The Bible Say About Haters? Paranoid, he outlawed the Geneva bible and ordered a new translation. For example, Theodore Beza, Calvins successor, purchased an early NT manuscript, Codex B (Cambridge Mss), and wrote a commentary on the NT titled Annotations. Consequently, King James banned the printing of the Geneva Bible in England and later the archbishop banned the Geneva Bible being imported to England. What Does The Bible Say About Trusting God? Paranoid, he outlawed the Geneva bible and ordered a new translation. It was also one of the first to include extensive commentary notes, which were later deemed "seditious" by King James when he banned the Geneva Bible in 1611. 12:1). If this is the case, you should cut that Book out of the Bible. Founders Ministries is committed to encouraging the recovery of the gospel and the biblical reformation of local churches. This is especially seen in the OT poetic and prophetic literature, which is difficult to understand. He showed that he lacked zeal, for she should have died both by the covenant and by the law of God, but he gave place to foolish pity and would also seem after a sort to satisfy the law. King Asas lack of zeal contributed to his negligence of his officers and his peoples superstition. McGrath again observes that the parallel to King James is hard to avoid. [14] Metzger observes that on the whole the number of such pure Calvinistic annotations in the 1560 Bible is not so great as one might suppose would have been the case.[15] Nevertheless, Calvinism is still present. 30 Metzger also notes that even in the twentieth century its influence continues. Some estimate that twenty percent of the KJV came directly from the GB. 100 Inspirational Bible Verses About Thankfulness To God, Is Smoking Marijuana Sinful? Miles Coverdale used Tyndales work and his own translations to produce the Great Bible in 1539, the first authorized version by the new Church of England after the English Reformation. 100 Inspirational Bible Verses About Thankfulness To God, What Does The Bible Say About Haters? While the King James Bible is one of the most beloved translations of the Bible, it was not the first, nor the only translation of the Bible to be produced during the era of the Protestant Reformation. Mack P. Holt (Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2007), 243. 100+ Inspirational Bible Verses About Love What Does The Bible Say About God's Love? Richard Bauckham, Tudor Apocalypse (Oxford: Sutton-Courtney, 1978), 40. That Bible of the Protestant Reformation contains the Apocrypha. Many if not most Marian exiles returned home but Whittingham, funded by John Bodley, stayed in Geneva another year and a half in order to finish his translation. KJV: He hath shewed thee, O man, what is good; and what doth the LORD require of thee, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God?. Irena Backus, The Reformed Roots of the English New Testament (Pittsburg, PA: Pickwick, 1980, 1957). Tweet. Other additions would continue these additions. Indeed, the translation was superior to all previous editions and the hallmark commentary became its distinguishing mark. He also believed that the study notes on important political texts threatened his power and his position as king. 15 Scriptures To Help With Hopelessness Contrary to the claim, King James did not authorise a new translation based on his dislike of the Geneva Bible nor was it in response to the use of the Geneva Bible by the Puritans. As Dan Danner states, it is generally recognized that the GB contributed more to the composition of the King James version of 1611, perhaps with the exception of the work of William Tyndale, than any other English version of the Bible.[41] Metzger elaborates, giving specific textual examples, More than once the Geneva Bible contributed to the excellence of the King James version. Are you confident in your salvation? Upon completion, Whittinghams title page read as follows: The Bible and Holy Scriptures, contained in the Old and New Testament. However, Geneva was also a center for biblical textual scholarship which resulted in new editions of the Greek and Hebrew texts[4] and it was the English translation of the Bible in Geneva that would be the most important single literary production of the Marian exiles.[5]. This translation came to be known as the King James Bible. (1) Calvins theology was encouraged for study as editions of the GB between 1568 and 1570 included Calvins Catechisms. Geneva: But I trusted in thee, O Lord: I said, Thou art my God. At first, the King James Version was not selling well, as people were loyal to the Geneva Bible. The KJV was fairly similar to the Geneva Bible, although the Geneva Bible was more direct and used more modern language (for that day). 15 Scriptures To Help With Hopelessness This is a brief story about a king who determined to create a new Bible, not so much because he wanted "common folk" to have access to God's Word in their mother tongue, but because he sought political peace in his kingdom. London, Robert Barker, 1608. There are a variety of reasons why King James disliked the Geneva Bible. What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? the KJV and RV). 35 I will be following the lead of McGrath, In the Beginning, 141-48. Also see Danner, The Later English Calvinists and the Geneva Bible, 503; Herbert G. May, Our English Bible in the Making (Philadelphia, PA: Westminster Press, 1952), 44-45; Geddes MacGregor, The Bible in the Making (New York: Lippincott, 1959), 134; Bruce, English Bibles, 92. He restoreth my soul, and leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his Names sake. January 11, 2023 by chadmin. What Does The Bible Say About Homosexuality? This translation came to be known as the King James Bible. This belief is incorrect. King James believed that the study notes on key political texts threatened his authority and kingship because the letters tended to promote ideas contrary to his views on the kings rights and the monarchys authority. (Pray to God quotes). What Does The Bible Say About Trusting God? Not only were interpretive notes provided but cross-references. On November 17, 1558 Mary Tudor died and Elizabeth ascended to the throne, a change filled with good news for Protestant exiles as the Elizabethan Settlement of Religion in 1559 protected Protestants in England. However, King James I was not a fan of the Geneva Bible and strongly opposed it for reasons that were seen as controversial in his time. In spite of his mother's Catholic faith, James was brought up in the Protestant religion. Geneva: Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian. Numerous publications abound this year, retelling the story of the KJV as well as the impact it has had on English literature since the seventeenth century. The first is from Psalm 34:19, Great are the troubles of the righteous: but the Lord delivereth them out of all. The second is Exodus 14:14, The Lord shall fight for you: therefore hold you your peace. Whittingham dedicated the Geneva Bible to Queen Elizabeth, likely comparing her to Zerubbabel, who rebuilt the Jerusalem temple after the Babylonian captivity, when he said she should be a builder of the ruins of Gods house. The dedication reads in part, To the most virtuous and noble Queen Elizabeth, Queen of England, France, and Ireland, Your humble subjects of the English Church at Geneva, wish grace and peace from God the Father through Christ Jesus our Lord. The dedication, dated April 10, 1560, goes on to warn against the Papistes and the necessity of Gods Word for the reforming of religion. Here we see the hope of the Marian exiles for the future establishment of Protestantism in England and the instrumental role the GB could play in such a transition. The objective was to have one . He restoreth my soul: he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his names sake. There are a variety of reasons why King James disliked the Geneva Bible. The first complete translation of the Bible, But I trusted in thee, OLord: I said, Thou art my God, 20 Reasons Why God Is Allowing Trials In Your Life. What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? Is Smoking Marijuana Sinful? What Does The Bible Say About Fear? For King James, this was egalitarianism and republicanism at its worst, as exemplified in Calvin's Geneva. Why did King James dislike the Geneva Bible? [Authorized Version] had in dislodging the popularity of the Geneva Bible is perhaps best typified in the The Translators to the Reader which prefaced the original edition in 1611; the quotations are from the Geneva Bible! Archbishop Parker did not like the study notes. What was James I's vision for his two kingdoms and the Europe of his day? Yet, while the Bible's reach and impact are unparalleled, its beginnings were fraught. The Baby Becomes King of Scotland Moreover, the commentary is clear that even the king is subservient to the law. Thus, King James Onlyism is a new doctrine, and a man-made doctrine, and a false doctrine. Eventually, though, the King James Version became the standard version of English-speaking . 100 Inspirational Bible Verses About Thankfulness To God, What Does The Bible Say About Homosexuality? The KJV of the Bible translation is noted for its "majesty of style", and has been described as one of the most important books in English culture and a driving force in the shaping of the English-speaking world. The King James version slowly took over the place of the Geneva Bible had among the Puritans. Shortly after the first edition of the KJV, King James banned the printing of new editions of the Geneva Bible to further entrench his version. (2) It was Laurence Tomson (1539-1608) who added more notations to the Bible in 1576, giving the GB a more Calvinistic thrust. King James verses are from the 1769 edition.). [8] (1) It pioneered several innovations in content and translation. in Geneva in June 1557. Geneva Bible over 120, Even after 1611, when the KJV was released, over sixty editions of the GB were published. 3. 50 Good Bible Verses For Birthdays While French refugees were the majority in Geneva, there were many Marian exiles as well. KJV: The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want. He had completed the New Testament and part of the Old Testament; his translation was completed by Miles Coverdale in 1535. Geneva Bibles with the "breeches" passage continued to be printed well into the time of the King James Bible of 1611. A century and half later, as Martin III observes, it reappeared in 1861. Geneva: The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want. McGrath observes, The text was thus interpreted [by the GB] in a way that made no reference whatsoever to the divine right of kings. According to the Geneva Bible the text was actually, if anything, a criticism of kings, in that their right to harm the people of God was being absolutely denied.[39], To conclude, the implication of these texts and annotations is very lucid: the king must be disobeyed if he violates the will of God and commands us to do likewise. Also see Danner, The Later English Calvinists and the Geneva Bible, 490. King James disapproved of the Geneva Bible because of its Calvinistic leanings. Tricking the tyrant is allowed by the law. What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? But that was not the belief of Christ and the apostles. 14 Contra Basil Hall, The Genevan Version of the English Bible: Its Aims and Achievements, in The Bible, the Reformation and the Church, ed. The translators closely followed the language of William Tyndale and Myles Coverdale. These reasons include: The notes in the margins of the Geneva Bible were Calvinist and Puritan. Also see Randall T. Davidson, The Authorisation of the English Bible, Macmillans Magazine (1881): 441ff; Westcott, History of the English Bible, 107. Is Smoking Marijuana Sinful? The theological marginal notes, the introductory prefaces, and the accuracy in translation combined for what Leland Ryken has said is the most successful English Bible before the King James Bible. Ryken gives no little praise when he says, The superior accuracy of the Geneva translations over other sixteenth-century translations is a matter of scholarly consensus. Today we enjoy The Reformation Study Bible and the ESV Study Bible, both of which carry on the legacy of the GB both in its form and in its Reformed theology. Of course, his comments were not directed towards the translation as they were towards the marginal annotations. Because it had notes and was easy to read, the Geneva Bible was popular in England, Scotland, and Ireland. Yea, though I should walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil; for thou art with me: thy rod and thy staff, they comfort me. With Hebrew poetry and prophetic literature, what resulted in the reader of the KJV was a nearly total lack of understanding.[53] While the KJV merely presented the text, the GB sought to help the reader understand the Hebrew. 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